HOW MAGIC WORKS

This creature can't be blocked except by creatures with flying and/or reach.

This creature deals combat damage before creatures without first strike.

This creature deals both first-strike and regular combat damage.

Any amount of damage this deals to a creature is enough to destroy it.

This creature can deal excess combat damage to the player or planeswalker it's attacking.

Attacking doesn't cause this creature to tap.

This creature can attack and {T} as soon as it comes under your control.

This permanent can't be the target of spells or abilities your opponents control.

Effects that say 'destroy' don't destroy this permanent, and damage dealt to it isn't lethal.

Damage dealt by this creature also causes you to gain that much life.

This creature can block creatures with flying.

You may cast this spell any time you could cast an instant.

This creature can't be blocked except by two or more creatures.

This creature can't attack.

Whenever this permanent becomes the target of a spell or ability an opponent controls, counter it unless that player pays the ward cost.

You may cast this card from your graveyard for its flashback cost. Then exile it.

Look at the top N cards of your library, then put any number of them on the bottom of your library and the rest on top in any order.

Look at the top N cards of your library, then put any number of them into your graveyard and the rest on top of your library in any order.

Whenever you cast a noncreature spell, this creature gets +1/+1 until end of turn.

Each deals damage equal to its power to the other.

Remove a card or permanent completely from the game into the exile zone.

Put the top N cards of your library into your graveyard.

Cancel a spell before it resolves, sending it to its owner's graveyard.

Attach this Equipment to target creature you control. Equip only as a sorcery.

Tap any number of creatures you control with total power N or more: This Vehicle becomes an artifact creature until end of turn.

When you cast this spell, exile cards from the top of your library until you exile a nonland card that costs less. You may cast it without paying its mana cost. Put the rest on the bottom in a random order.

Pay the cycling cost, Discard this card: Draw a card.

You may pay an additional cost as you cast this spell for extra effects.

You may pay an additional cost as you cast this spell. If you do, put this card into your hand as it resolves.

If you cast this spell from your hand, exile it as it resolves. At the beginning of your next upkeep, you may cast this card from exile without paying its mana cost.

You may cast this card face down as a 2/2 creature for {3}. Turn it face up any time for its morph cost.

This permanent can't be targeted, enchanted, equipped, fortified, damaged, or blocked by anything of the specified quality.

Your creatures can help cast this spell. Each creature you tap while casting this spell pays for {1} or one mana of that creature’s color.

Each card you exile from your graveyard while casting this spell pays for {1}.

This spell costs {1} less to cast for each permanent you control of the specified type.

Choose any number of permanents and/or players with counters on them, then give each another counter of each kind already there.

When this creature dies, if it had no +1/+1 counters on it, return it to the battlefield under its owner’s control with a +1/+1 counter on it.

When this creature dies, if it had no -1/-1 counters on it, return it to the battlefield under its owner’s control with a -1/-1 counter on it.

Return this card from your graveyard to the battlefield. It gains haste. Exile it at the beginning of the next end step or if it leaves the battlefield.

Attach to the specified target permanent or player when cast as an Aura spell.

A creature can't attack or use abilities with the tap symbol until you've controlled it since the start of your turn. Haste removes this.

Turning a card sideways shows it has been used this turn, for example to attack or to make mana. Your permanents untap at the start of your turn.

A permanent created by an effect rather than a card. It works like a card but ceases to exist if it leaves the battlefield.

Each one gives the permanent +1 power and +1 toughness. They stay until removed.

Each one gives −1 power and −1 toughness. A +1/+1 and a −1/−1 counter on the same permanent cancel out.

You can only control one permanent with the same legendary name. If you get a second, you choose one to keep.

A game zone where spells and activated or triggered abilities wait to resolve. Spells and abilities resolve in Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) order as each player passes priority in succession without taking further actions.

The system that determines which player can take an action, cast an instant, or activate an ability. The active player receives priority first during each phase and step. All players must pass priority on an empty stack before the game advances to the next step.

Automatic game-state checks performed continuously whenever a player would receive priority. Examples include creatures with lethal damage being destroyed, planeswalkers with 0 loyalty being put into the graveyard, or a player at 0 life losing the game.

The opening step of the Combat Phase. "At the beginning of combat" triggers go on the stack, and players receive priority to cast instants or activate abilities before attackers are declared.

The active player declares which untapped creatures will attack and which opponent or planeswalker each is attacking. Attackers tap unless they have vigilance. Players receive priority after attackers are declared.

The defending player declares which untapped creatures will block attacking creatures. Blockers are assigned to attackers. Players receive priority after all blockers have been declared.

Attacking and blocking creatures assign and deal combat damage simultaneously. If any creatures have first strike or double strike, an additional combat damage step is created beforehand. Players receive priority after damage resolves.

The final step of the combat phase where "until end of combat" effects trigger and wear off. Players receive priority once more before moving to Main Phase 2.

The active player phases in permanents and untaps all tapped permanents they control. No player receives priority and no spells or abilities can be cast during this step.

The step following untap where "at the beginning of your upkeep" abilities trigger. The active player receives priority first to cast instants and activate abilities.

The active player draws the top card of their library (except the starting player on turn 1 in a two-player match). After drawing, players receive priority.

The first step of the Ending Phase where "at the beginning of the end step" abilities trigger. Players receive priority in turn order to take actions.

The active player discards down to maximum hand size (usually 7 cards), marked damage is removed from creatures, and "until end of turn" effects expire. No player receives priority unless an ability triggers.

An additional cost of {2} mana for each time you have previously cast your commander from the command zone during the game.

If a player is dealt 21 or more combat damage by a single commander over the course of the game, that player loses the game as a state-based action.

The combination of all mana symbols in a card's mana cost, rules text, and any color indicator. In Commander, every card in the deck must match the commander's color identity.